How They Make Money

How They Make Money

📱 PRO: Apple’s Memory Squeeze

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App Economy Insights
Nov 07, 2026
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Welcome to the Saturday PRO edition of How They Make Money.

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Today at a glance:

  1. 📱Apple: Memory Squeeze

  2. 🛍️ Shopify: Expectations Bite

  3. 📈 AppLovin: The Model Payoff

  4. 🌐 Arista: AI Networking Supercycle

  5. 🦾 Arm: The $2B CPU Ramp

  6. 📲 Qualcomm: Data Center Arrives

  7. 🎮 Sony: The IP Flywheel

  8. 💉 Pfizer: The Replacement Race

  9. 🧬 Amgen: Oncology Breakthrough

  10. 🇩🇰 Novo Nordisk: The Pill Pulls Ahead

  11. 🏝️ Booking: Travel Slows Again

  12. 🏨 Marriott: Travel Reaccelerates

  13. 🛖 Airbnb: Growth Reignites

  14. ✈️ Expedia: Q4 Air Pocket

  15. ☁️ Cloudflare: Higher Gear

  16. 🐶 Datadog: Guidance Gap

  17. 🤝 MercadoLibre: The Cost of Frequency

  18. 🥡 DoorDash: Grocery Endgame

  19. 🏎️ Ferrari: Luce Sells Out

  20. ☁️ Atlassian: Guidance Disconnect

  21. 🔲 Block: The Flywheel Connects

  22. 🔌 Astera Labs: Scorpio Takes Over

  23. 🍟 McDonald’s: Value Gets a Do-Over

  24. 🌮 Yum! Brands: Taco Bell’s Comeback

  25. 🎤 Live Nation: 180 Million Fans in Sight

  26. ⚡️ Axon: The Drone Timing Trap

  27. 💳 Fiserv: Finding a Floor

  28. 🇰🇷 Coupang: Margins Under Pressure

  29. 🌎 Global Payments: The Synergy Payoff

  30. 📺 Fox: Subscriber Reversal

  31. 🪙 Circle: The Arc Windfall

  32. 🍞 Toast: Growth Meets Scrutiny

  33. 🧊 Dynatrace: Growth Delayed

  34. 🏈 Flutter: Costly Comeback

  35. 👑 DraftKings: Predictions Eat the Profits

  36. 🗞️ NYT: Subscribers Rebound

  37. 🧬 Tempus AI: The 2027 Unlock

  38. 📢 HubSpot: AI Conversion Gap

  39. 🎨 Figma: The AI Trade-Off

  40. 🛵 Grab: The Third Engine

  41. 🌊 DigitalOcean: The 60% Bet

  42. 🤖 Paycom: Automation Pays Off

  43. 🔥 Match: Tinder Turns Positive

  44. 👻 Snap: Profits Outrun Ads

  45. ⚡️ Celsius: Alani Takes the Lead

  46. 🏠 Zillow: The Housing Freeze

  47. 🦉 Duolingo: The Green Machine

  48. 🏴 Klaviyo: AI Starts Converting

  49. 🚲 Peloton: Profits Before Growth

  50. 🍿 AMC: Box Office Comeback


1. 📱Apple: Memory Squeeze

Apple’s Q4 revenue (September quarter) grew 12% Y/Y to $114.5 billion ($1.1 billion beat), while EPS rose 14% to $2.10 ($0.11 beat). Results included $0.05 per share in tariff refunds. But shares slipped after earnings following weaker margin guidance.

  • iPhone revenue grew 17% to $57.6 billion, exceeding expectations despite supply constraints. The new foldable iPhone Duo launched in October, so its early sales will contribute to Q1 FY27.

  • Mac revenue jumped 24% to $10.8 billion, well ahead of consensus.

  • Greater China grew 21% to $17.5 billion, ~$1 billion short of expectations.

  • Services reached a record $31.6 billion, but growth slowed from 12% in Q3 to just 10% Y/Y. Management expects another deceleration to 8%–9% in the December quarter, reflecting licensing, currency, and App Store headwinds.

The biggest problem is profitability. Gross margin fell to 48% (from 50% in Q3). Tariff refunds boosted both quarters, but the benefit shrank from two percentage points to one. Excluding refunds, gross margin declined roughly one percentage point, primarily due to rising memory costs. Management expects a further decline to 45%–46% in Q1 FY27, below the ~47% consensus.

Apple spent years keeping device prices relatively stable to expand its installed base and monetize customers through high-margin Services. Now memory inflation is forcing price increases across its product lineup, just as Services growth slows. Management says it's too early to assess the impact on demand.

New CEO John Ternus described memory pricing as unprecedented. Apple's manufacturing purchase commitments increased by $33 billion in one quarter to secure components, potentially shifting more inventory and demand-forecasting risk onto a company accustomed to extraordinary supply-chain flexibility. Advanced-chip supply constraints are easing, but memory shortages could continue restricting Mac and iPad production.

Meanwhile, Apple’s new Siri AI introduces additional infrastructure costs before meaningful monetization. Management confirmed plans to offer paid access to higher usage limits eventually, although pricing and adoption remain unclear.

Management expects holiday-quarter revenue growth of 7%–10%, above the ~6% consensus, supported by the new iPhone lineup.

Apple has emerged as a safe haven from the AI spending boom, briefly reclaiming its position as the world’s most valuable company at $5 trillion. But that perceived safety comes at a price. Shares trade at a historically elevated ~35x forward earnings. Apple has avoided the AI infrastructure spending race, but it cannot escape slowing growth and rising costs.


2. 🛍️ Shopify: Expectations Bite

Shopify’s Q3 revenue grew 32% Y/Y to $3.7 billion (roughly in line), while adjusted EPS reached $0.49 ($0.03 beat). Shares initially plunged as Shopify failed to deliver its usual top-line beat.

Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) rose 29% Y/Y to $119.1 billion, slightly below the $120 billion consensus and down from 32% growth in Q2. International GMV grew 32%, offline GMV rose 30%, and B2B GMV surged 74%, underscoring Shopify’s expansion beyond traditional online retail.

  • Merchant Solutions revenue grew 35% to $2.91 billion, supported by Shopify Payments penetration exceeding 68% of GMV (+3pp Y/Y). Shop Pay GMV increased 50%.

  • Subscription Solutions grew 20% to $836 million, missing expectations. Monthly recurring revenue increased 19% to $230 million, reflecting continued merchant additions.

AI-driven traffic grew 2.6x Y/Y, while orders increased 3.3x. Shoppers arriving through AI channels converted 64% more often than through traditional search, while Shopify Catalog-powered searches converted at twice the rate of general AI searches. Management cautioned that AI commerce volumes remain small, but the early conversion advantages are encouraging.

Free cash flow jumped 61% to $816 million, reaching a 22% margin, up from 18% a year ago. However, CFO Jeff Hoffmeister attributed only about 1.5 percentage points of that improvement to structural operating leverage. The rest reflected temporary benefits from lower marketing spending, tax timing, and an accounting change related to merchant cash advances.

Shopify expects Q4 revenue to grow in the low 30s%, implying a seventh consecutive quarter above 30%. Gross profit should grow in the high 20s%, while free cash flow margin is expected to ease to approximately 19%, consistent with Q4 2025.

Shopify continues to deliver exceptional growth and cash generation, with AI opening another potential distribution channel. But GMV growth is moderating, and at roughly 65x forward earnings, even modest disappointments can trigger outsized reactions.


3. 📈 AppLovin: The Model Payoff

AppLovin’s Q3 revenue surged 55% Y/Y to $2.2 billion ($120 million beat), accelerating 14% sequentially. GAAP EPS reached $4.30 ($0.27 beat), while adjusted EBITDA jumped 59% to $1.8 billion, maintaining an extraordinary 84% adjusted margin.

The model timing issue we discussed in Q2 appears resolved. AppLovin partially rolled out its next-generation AI models, improving advertiser returns and unlocking additional spending. Its core gaming business reaccelerated to nearly 50% Y/Y growth, driving most of the revenue beat.

CEO Adam Foroughi described the architectural transition as comparable in technical significance to AXON 2.0. The new models can process more data and perform particularly well with newer and smaller advertisers, where historical conversion data is limited.

But the bigger opportunity may be beyond gaming.

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